Genetics of the renin-angiotensin system with respect to cardiac and blood pressure phenotypes in healthy newborn infants.

Introduction: Left ventricular mass (LVM) is a strong predictor of various heart diseases. We examine the association between the G(-6)A AGT, I/D ACE, A1166C AGTR1, T(-344)C CYP 11β2, A538G MR and A10631G REN polymorphisms and LVM and blood pressure in newborn infants.
Material and Methods: The study included 211 healthy newborn infants. Two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography was used to assess LVM between days 3-4 after birth. Polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RLFP).
Results: AGTR1 genotype was significantly associated with neonatal systolic blood pressure (≥90 percentile). LVM indexes (LVMIs) were tested for association with genotypes in multivariate analysis. The carriers of the A allele of the AGT polymorphism had significantly higher LVM/body length (BL) values when compared with newborn infants homozygous for the G allele (p adjusted=0.03). The higher LVM/BL values were seen in the carriers of the A alleles of the AGTR1 polymorphism (p adjusted=0.046). All examined indexes (LVM/body surface area (BSA), LVM/BL, LVM/bodyweight (BW)) were associated with CYP11B polymorphism. The newborn infants homozygous for the T allele had significantly higher values of LVM/BSA, LVM/BL, and LVB/BW compared to non-TT-homozygous neonates (p adjusted=0.003; p adjusted=0.003; p adjusted=0.004 respectively).
Conclusion: The AGT, AGTR1, CYP11β polymorphisms are associated with increased LVMIs in newborns. This observation indicates that genetic factors may be modulating LVM at birth.