Familial adenomatous polyposis-related desmoids presenting with air-fluid level: a clinical review and management algorithm.

Background: Familial adenomatous polyposis-related desmoid tumors can present with a liquefied center containing gas, accompanied by abdominal pain and sepsis. To date the optimal management of such patients has not been documented.
Objective: The aim of this study was to review our experience of managing these desmoids grouped together as "intra-abdominal desmoids with air-fluid level" and present a management algorithm.
Design: This is a retrospective study of prospectively maintained polyposis registry database.
Setting: This study was conducted at a tertiary referral center specializing in familial adenomatous polyposis and desmoid disease.
Patients: Nine patients with intra-abdominal desmoid and air-fluid level were analyzed for the purpose of this study.
Results: Two hundred and forty-six patients were identified with desmoid tumor. Of these, a total of 9 patients had an intra-abdominal desmoid with air-fluid level; 7 were women. Age range at diagnosis was 20 to 41 years. The median time from primary surgery to desmoid tumor development was 24 months (range, 0-48 months), and the median time for further progression to air-fluid level was 24 months (range, 0-226 months). Desmoid tumor size ranged from 10 cm to greater than 20 cm in diameter. Two patients were successfully managed with antibiotics alone, and 2 patients were managed with percutaneous drainage and antibiotics. The other 5 patients required surgical intervention involving either excision or drainage with or without proximal defunctioning/exclusion. There was a single 30-day mortality.
Limitation: This study was limited by the small number of patients.
Conclusions: The majority of intra-abdominal desmoids with an air-fluid level require surgical intervention. Antibiotics and percutaneous drainage are only successful in a limited number of patients. We present our current treatment algorithm based on this experience.