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Increased neuron specific enolase expression by urothelial cells exposed to or malignantly transformed by exposure to Cd²⁺ or As³⁺.
- Source :
-
Toxicology letters [Toxicol Lett] 2012 Jul 07; Vol. 212 (1), pp. 66-74. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 May 14. - Publication Year :
- 2012
-
Abstract
- Neuron specific enolase (ENO2, γ-enolase) is a biomarker used to help identify neuroendocrine differentiation in tumors. This laboratory has shown that ENO2 might be a biomarker for exposure to cadmium and arsenite. In this study these observations are extended to the urothelial cell, where environmental exposures are strongly linked to urothelial cancer. The UROtsa urothelial cell line and its Cd²⁺- and As³⁺-transformed counterparts were used as the model. Acute exposure of the UROtsa cells to both As³⁺- and Cd²⁺-caused significant increases in ENO2 expression. Treatment with the histone deacetlyase inhibitor was also shown to significantly increase the expression of ENO2 mRNA. The expression of ENO2 was significantly elevated in the Cd²⁺- and As³⁺-transformed UROtsa cells and tumor transplants. In contrast, ENO1, was unaffected by exposure to As³⁺ or Cd²⁺. Immunofluorescence showed ENO2 associated with both the nucleus and cytoplasm and cytoplasmic ENO2 co-localized with ENO1. The findings extend the evidence suggesting a link between As³⁺ and Cd²⁺ exposure and neuroendocrine differentiation in tumors. The results suggest that ENO2 might be a biomarker of human exposure to Cd²⁺ and As³⁺ that operates through histone modification.<br /> (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Benzamides pharmacology
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic metabolism
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors pharmacology
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Mice
Mice, Nude
Phosphopyruvate Hydratase genetics
Phosphopyruvate Hydratase metabolism
Pyridines pharmacology
RNA, Messenger chemistry
RNA, Messenger genetics
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Urinary Bladder drug effects
Urinary Bladder enzymology
Urologic Neoplasms chemically induced
Urologic Neoplasms enzymology
Urothelium metabolism
Arsenites toxicity
Cadmium toxicity
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic drug effects
Phosphopyruvate Hydratase biosynthesis
Urothelium drug effects
Urothelium enzymology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-3169
- Volume :
- 212
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Toxicology letters
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 22613180
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.05.003