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Direct evidence of concurrent solid-solution and two-phase reactions and the nonequilibrium structural evolution of LiFePO4.
- Source :
-
Journal of the American Chemical Society [J Am Chem Soc] 2012 May 09; Vol. 134 (18), pp. 7867-73. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Apr 30. - Publication Year :
- 2012
-
Abstract
- Lithium-ion batteries power many portable devices and in the future are likely to play a significant role in sustainable-energy systems for transportation and the electrical grid. LiFePO(4) is a candidate cathode material for second-generation lithium-ion batteries, bringing a high rate capability to this technology. LiFePO(4) functions as a cathode where delithiation occurs via either a solid-solution or a two-phase mechanism, the pathway taken being influenced by sample preparation and electrochemical conditions. The details of the delithiation pathway and the relationship between the two-phase and solid-solution reactions remain controversial. Here we report, using real-time in situ neutron powder diffraction, the simultaneous occurrence of solid-solution and two-phase reactions after deep discharge in nonequilibrium conditions. This work is an example of the experimental investigation of nonequilibrium states in a commercially available LiFePO(4) cathode and reveals the concurrent occurrence of and transition between the solid-solution and two-phase reactions.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1520-5126
- Volume :
- 134
- Issue :
- 18
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 22482702
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1021/ja301187u