Dermal and pulmonary absorption of ethanol from alcohol-based hand rub.

Authors :: Ahmed-Lecheheb D
Cunat L
Hartemann P
Hautemanière A
Source :: The Journal of hospital infection [J Hosp Infect] 2012 May; Vol. 81 (1), pp. 31-5. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Mar 22.
Publication Year :: 2012
Abstract: Background: Ethanol intoxication of healthcare workers (HCWs) using alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) in the workplace is a potentially serious issue. This study quantified the level of ethanol absorption among HCWs after hygienic hand disinfection.<br />Methods: Eighty-six HCWs from Nancy University Hospital were tested before and after a 4-h shift. Participants used ABHR containing 70% ethanol. Levels of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in blood and urine were determined using gas chromatography. A breathalyzer was used to measure the level of ethanol in expired air.<br />Results: Ethanol [mean concentration 0.076 (standard deviation 0.05) mg/L] was detected in the expired air of 28 HCWs 1-2 min post exposure. Ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate were undetectable in blood after a 4-h shift, and urine tests were negative in all participants.<br />Conclusion: Ethanol exposure from ABHR, particularly inhalation of vapours, resulted in positive breathalyzer readings 1-2 min after exposure. Dermal absorption of ethanol was not detected. Pulmonary absorption was detected but was below toxic levels.<br /> (Copyright © 2012 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)