The effect of multilevel anterior cervical fusion on neck motion.

Background: Anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) procedures are successful in treating multilevel cervical radiculopathy and cervical myelopathy. It was reported that this procedure would result in a loss of cervical range of motion. However, few studies have focused on the exact impact of multilevel (more than 3 levels) ACDF on cervical range of motion.
Methods: 29 patients underwent a 3-level or 4-level ACDF. In all the patients, preoperative active cervical ROM measurement was performed, and postoperative measurement was performed at 1-year follow-up by a CROM device. The pre- and postoperative data were compared to each other using paired t tests (α = 0.05).
Results: The patients had significantly less ROM after the surgery in all planes of motion. Major reduction was observed in flexion (39.5%), left and right lateral flexion (25.7 and 25.9%), with relatively minor impact on extension (18.3%), left and right rotation (14.0 and 14.4%) observed. In the three cardinal planes, major reduction was observed in the sagittal plane (28.2%) and coronal plane (25.8%), while minor impact observed in the horizontal plane (14.1%).
Conclusions: The patients of cervical spondylotic myelopathy had an obvious reduction in active cervical ROM following multilevel ACDF. However, patients might not experience great difficulties in performing daily activities with regard to the loss of neck motion after fusion.