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A non-infectious cell-based phenotypic assay for the assessment of HIV-1 susceptibility to protease inhibitors.
- Source :
-
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy [J Antimicrob Chemother] 2012 Jan; Vol. 67 (1), pp. 32-8. Date of Electronic Publication: 2011 Oct 12. - Publication Year :
- 2012
-
Abstract
- Objectives: HIV-1 genotyping is widely accepted as a diagnostic tool to optimize therapy changes in patients whose antiretroviral regimen is failing. Phenotyping can substantially complement the information obtained from genotyping, especially in the presence of complex mutational patterns. However, drug susceptibility tests are laborious and require biosafety facilities. We describe the molecular mechanism of a non-infectious HIV-1 protease phenotypic assay in eukaryotic cells and validate its applicability as a tool for monitoring drug resistance.<br />Methods: A cloning vector containing the fusion protein green fluorescent protein-HIV-1 protease (GFP-PR) was modified to facilitate the insertion of HIV-1 protease from infected subjects. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were used to establish the molecular mechanism of the new phenotypic assay. The method was validated by analysing HIV-1 protease from 46 clinical isolates. Statistical comparisons were made between values obtained using our assay and those reported from alternative standardized phenotypic assays.<br />Results: The capacity of HIV-1 protease to cleave cellular translation factors, such as the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 (eIF4GI) and the poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), led to cyclical accumulation of GFP that varied with the dose of protease inhibitors. Validation and comparison revealed a significant correlation with the Virco TYPE HIV-1 test (P < 0.0001, Spearman's ρ = 0.60), the Antivirogram test (P = 0.0001, Spearman's ρ = 0.60) and the Stanford HIVdb (P < 0.0001, Spearman's ρ = 0.69).<br />Conclusions: This cell-based non-infectious phenotypic method with a well-understood molecular mechanism was highly reliable and comparable to other widely used assays. The method can be used for both phenotyping of HIV-1 viral isolates resistant to protease inhibitors and screening of new protease inhibitors.
- Subjects :
- Blotting, Western
Cells, Cultured
Cloning, Molecular
Genes, Reporter
Green Fluorescent Proteins genetics
Green Fluorescent Proteins metabolism
HIV Infections virology
HIV Protease genetics
HIV Protease metabolism
HIV-1 isolation & purification
Humans
Microbial Sensitivity Tests methods
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Recombinant Fusion Proteins genetics
Recombinant Fusion Proteins metabolism
Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology
HIV Protease Inhibitors pharmacology
HIV-1 drug effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1460-2091
- Volume :
- 67
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 21994909
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkr433