[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in pregnancy. Five years experience at the Spanish Hospital of Mexico and literature review].

Background: Biliary pathology is the second cause of abdominal acute pain during pregnancy. The surgical approach most often used for the treatment of acute cholecystitis during pregnancy is laparoscopy. Some aspects have made this approach during pregnancy controversial.
Objectives: To analyze the maternal-fetal benefits and complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy and compare these results with the medical literature.
Material and Methods: It is a retrospective, transverse study. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases and pregnancy from 2005 to 2009 at Hospital Español de Mexico city were reviewed. The following information was obtained: maternal age, gestational age, signs and symptoms, medical department that made the diagnosis, the laparoscopic entry techniques, the monitoring of CO2 for the pressure of pneumoperitoneum, the complications in the peri and postoperatory state, the use of tocolytics medication and other medicines in the hospital stay, maternal and perinatal morbi-morbility, days of hospitable stay, follow-up surgical postintervention in the office. We did a comparation of our results with the medical literature.
Results: 10 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed. Gestational ages were from 15 to 25 weeks. The incidence was 1:995. All the cases were diagnosed by doctors of the department of general surgery, and also the surgeries. 2/10 patients were in preterm delivery risk at 35 weeks of gestation. There was not any fetal loss or maternal death.
Conclusions: Our results are similar with the literature research, and we confirm that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe therapeutic option for gravid patients, which has minimal fetal-maternal morbidity.