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Genetic and functional diversity of Bacillus strains in the soils long-term irrigated with paper and pulp mill effluent.
- Source :
-
The Journal of general and applied microbiology [J Gen Appl Microbiol] 2011; Vol. 57 (4), pp. 183-95. - Publication Year :
- 2011
-
Abstract
- The genetic and functional diversity of Bacillus and Bacillus-derived genera was analyzed in soil samples collected from three different fields near Century Paper Mill, Lal Kuan, Uttarakhand, India. Two had been subjected to concentrated and diluted effluent irrigation for the past 25 years and were designated as a concentrated effluent irrigated field (CEIF) and a dilute effluent irrigated field (DEIF), respectively. The field irrigated with fresh water was designated as a water irrigated field (WIF). Increase in pH, Na and Zn content and decrease in Fe content was observed due to effluent irrigation. The population count of Bacillus and Bacillus-derived was maximum in DEIF followed by WIF and CEIF. Variations in plant growth-promoting traits and extracellular enzymes were observed among the isolates from the three different field soils. Based on the amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) with three restriction enzymes, all the selected 104 isolates were clustered into 14 groups. The sequencing of the representative isolates revealed that the majority belonged to the genus Bacillus, while three isolates belonged to Paenibacillus, Lysinibacillus and Orthinibacillus. There were a few species like Orthinibacillus contaminans, B. oleronius, B. safensis, B. methylotrophicus, B. stratosphericus, B. aryabhattai, B. asahii and B. bataviensis that were prevalent only in DEIF and CEIF but not in WIF field soil. The diversity index parameters like the Shannon Index, indices of species richness and species evenness based on biochemical profiling and ARDRA profiling revealed that Bacillaceae members in the fresh water irrigated field were diverse.
- Subjects :
- Agricultural Irrigation standards
Bacillaceae isolation & purification
Bacillaceae metabolism
Bacillus classification
Bacillus genetics
Bacillus isolation & purification
Bacillus metabolism
Base Sequence
Cluster Analysis
Fresh Water
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
India
Molecular Sequence Data
Paenibacillus isolation & purification
Paenibacillus metabolism
Paper
Phenotype
Phylogeny
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Soil chemistry
Soil Pollutants
Waste Disposal, Fluid
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Agricultural Irrigation methods
Bacillaceae genetics
Genetic Variation genetics
Industrial Waste
Paenibacillus genetics
Soil Microbiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1349-8037
- Volume :
- 57
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Journal of general and applied microbiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 21914967
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.2323/jgam.57.183