Assessment of peri- and postoperative complications and Karnofsky-performance status in head and neck cancer patients after radiation or chemoradiation that underwent surgery with regional or free-flap reconstruction for salvage, palliation, or to improve function.

Background: Surgery after (chemo)radiation (RCTX/RTX) is felt to be plagued with a high incidence of wound healing complications reported to be as high as 70%. The additional use of vascularized flaps may help to decrease this high rate of complications. Therefore, we examined within a retrospective single-institutional study the peri--and postoperative complications in patients who underwent surgery for salvage, palliation or functional rehabilitation after (chemo)radiation with regional and free flaps. As a second study end point the Karnofsky performance status (KPS) was determined preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively to assess the impact of such extensive procedures on the overall performance status of this heavily pretreated patient population.
Findings: 21 patients were treated between 2005 and 2010 in a single institution (17 male, 4 female) for salvage (10/21), palliation (4/21), or functional rehabilitation (7/21). Overall 23 flaps were performed of which 8 were free flaps. Major recipient site complications were observed in only 4 pts. (19%) (1 postoperative haemorrhage, 1 partial flap loss, 2 fistulas) and major donor site complications in 1 pt (wound dehiscence). Also 2 minor donor site complications were observed. The overall complication rate was 33%. There was no free flap loss. Assessment of pre- and postoperative KPS revealed improvement in 13 out of 21 patients (62%). A decline of KPS was noted in only one patient.
Conclusions: We conclude that within this (chemo)radiated patient population surgical interventions for salvage, palliation or improve function can be safely performed once vascularised grafts are used.