[Epigenetics and epigenome. A step forward in the etiology and potential treatment of neurological diseases].

The mechanisms of epigenetic regulation play an important role in the development and function of body systems. Failure in the maintenance of this regulation as well as environmental factors could contribute to the development of multiple diseases in genetically predisposed patients. Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for the etiology of most diseases are unknown, there is evidence of both genetic and environmental factors that could influence this development. Recent findings involve epigenetic mechanisms in the origin of various diseases. This review aims to describe in detail the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation and the known findings involving the dysfunction of these mechanisms as a possible cause of various diseases.