ROS production and apoptosis induction by formation of Gts1p-mediated protein aggregates.

GTS1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a pleiotropic gene. Its induction leads to a variety of biological phenomena represented by cell aggregation. The C-terminal polyglutamine sequence in Gts1p is indispensable for its pleiotropy and nuclear localization. This sequence is often observed in polyglutamine diseases, such as Huntington disease, and is believed to induce protein aggregation, leading to cell death. In this study, protein aggregates were formed in a polyglutamine-dependent manner in cells inducing GTS1, and heat-shock protein family, translation elongation factor, and mitochondrial proteins were trapped in Gts1p-mediated protein aggregates. Moreover, the polyglutamine sequence of Gts1p was indispensable to the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Deletion of the genes encoding Por1p and Yhb1p altered the profiles of ROS production and apoptosis caused by GTS1 induction, suggesting that the trapping of these proteins in Gts1p-mediated protein aggregates inhibits the intrinsic functions of these proteins.