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Transforming growth factor Beta2 is required for valve remodeling during heart development.
- Source :
-
Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists [Dev Dyn] 2011 Sep; Vol. 240 (9), pp. 2127-41. Date of Electronic Publication: 2011 Jul 20. - Publication Year :
- 2011
-
Abstract
- Although the function of transforming growth factor beta2 (TGFβ2) in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is well studied, its role in valve remodeling remains to be fully explored. Here, we used histological, morphometric, immunohistochemical and molecular approaches and showed that significant dysregulation of major extracellular matrix (ECM) components contributed to valve remodeling defects in Tgfb2(-/-) embryos. The data indicated that cushion mesenchymal cell differentiation was impaired in Tgfb2(-/-) embryos. Hyaluronan and cartilage link protein-1 (CRTL1) were increased in hyperplastic valves of Tgfb2(-/-) embryos, indicating increased expansion and diversification of cushion mesenchyme into the cartilage cell lineage during heart development. Finally, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses indicate that the activation of SMAD2/3 was decreased in Tgfb2(-/-) embryos during valve remodeling. Collectively, the data indicate that TGFβ2 promotes valve remodeling and differentiation by inducing matrix organization and suppressing cushion mesenchyme differentiation into cartilage cell lineage during heart development.<br /> (Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Cell Differentiation genetics
Cell Differentiation physiology
Extracellular Matrix metabolism
Heart Valves embryology
Immunohistochemistry
Mesoderm cytology
Mice
Mice, Knockout
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Smad2 Protein metabolism
Smad3 Protein metabolism
Transforming Growth Factor beta2 genetics
Heart embryology
Heart Valves metabolism
Transforming Growth Factor beta2 metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1097-0177
- Volume :
- 240
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 21780244
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.22702