Managing the difficult case of fetal anemia.

Objectives: To describe a series of complex fetal anemia cases, detail the appropriate investigations and management, and review the literature.
Methods: Four cases of non-red cell alloimmunization or infective cases of fetal anemia are presented.
Results: Of the four cases presented, one was a neonatal death, one pregnancy was terminated, one case was diagnosed with Diamond Blackfan anemia, and one case was due to recurrent feto-maternal hemorrhages despite negative Kleihauer tests.
Conclusions: Non-alloimmune causes of fetal anemia can be difficult to manage. Some cases require repeated and frequent intrauterine transfusions. The perinatal mortality and preterm delivery rates are increased, and some cases require considerable long-term treatment including regular transfusions. We present our experience of a series of non-immune fetal anemia managed in a tertiary unit, review the literature, and suggest appropriate management.