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Entomological and epidemiological attributes for malaria transmission and implementation of vector control in southern Iran.
- Source :
-
Acta tropica [Acta Trop] 2012 Feb; Vol. 121 (2), pp. 85-92. Date of Electronic Publication: 2011 May 06. - Publication Year :
- 2012
-
Abstract
- Bashagard is an important malaria endemic area in south of Iran. An epidemiological and entomological survey was performed during 2002-2010. The aim of study was to determine malaria situation, species composition of anopheline mosquitoes and susceptibility status of main vectors to insecticides/larvicides. A total of 13,490 malaria cases were recorded, Plasmodium vivax (99.64%), P. falciparum (0.35%) and mix cases (0.01%). The highest and lowest Annual Parasite Incidence (API) were observed in 2007 (145.72/1000) and 2009 (6.29/1000), respectively. Anopheles culicifacies, An. dthali, An. stephensi, An. superpictus, An. fluviatilis, An. moghulensis, An. turkhudi and An. apoci were collected from the area. Two peak activities occur in April and October. The first five species were confirmed as malaria vectors in Iran. No indication of sporozoite in mosquitoes using molecular method was performed. Susceptibility tests using diagnostic dose of insecticides and larvicides showed only resistance of An. stephensi to DDT. Tolerance in An. stephensi to deltamethrin and bendiocarb is reported. The same phenomenon was observed in An. culicifacies to DDT, propoxur and deltamethrin, and in An. dthali to malathion and deltamethrin. Larvae of vectors were susceptible to all larvicides, except for An. stephensi that exhibited tolerance to fenthion. In conclusion it should be emphasized that malaria transmission is a complex process in Bashagard. This event is attributed to five proven vectors with different behaviors which are active in the area. Regarding tolerance of vectors to deltamethrin, resistance management is suggested by using new insecticide with novel mode of action.<br /> (Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Animals
Anopheles classification
Child
Child, Preschool
Coinfection epidemiology
Coinfection prevention & control
Coinfection transmission
Drug Tolerance
Female
Humans
Incidence
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Insecticide Resistance
Insecticides pharmacology
Iran epidemiology
Malaria, Falciparum prevention & control
Malaria, Vivax prevention & control
Male
Plasmodium falciparum isolation & purification
Plasmodium vivax isolation & purification
Seasons
Anopheles growth & development
Anopheles parasitology
Malaria, Falciparum epidemiology
Malaria, Falciparum transmission
Malaria, Vivax epidemiology
Malaria, Vivax transmission
Mosquito Control methods
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-6254
- Volume :
- 121
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Acta tropica
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 21570940
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.04.017