Repeated course antenatal steroids, inflammation gene polymorphisms, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 2.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the interaction between repeated-course antenatal corticosteroids and inflammation gene polymorphisms with neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 2 years.
Study Design: We conducted nested case-control analysis of a randomized controlled trial of single- vs repeated-course antenatal corticosteroids. Cases had mental and/or psychomotor delay at age 2 years. Controls had normal neurodevelopment. Previous analyses of 125 cases and 147 controls identified 4 inflammation gene polymorphisms associated with neurodevelopmental delay at age 2 years.
Results: The interaction between repeated-course corticosteroids and the interleukin (IL)-6 -174 genotype with neurodevelopmental delay was significant (P = .046). The IL-6 -174 GG genotype was associated with neurodevelopmental delay at age 2 years in the single-course corticosteroid group (odds ratio, 6.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.86-22.50). Exposure to repeated-course antenatal corticosteroids abrogated this genotype effect (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-3.54). Results were unchanged after controlling for potential confounders.
Conclusion: Repeated-course antenatal steroids may reduce the increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay at age 2 years associated with IL-6 -174 GG genotype.
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