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The Toll-like receptor 2 pathway establishes colonization by a commensal of the human microbiota.
- Source :
-
Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2011 May 20; Vol. 332 (6032), pp. 974-7. Date of Electronic Publication: 2011 Apr 21. - Publication Year :
- 2011
-
Abstract
- Mucosal surfaces constantly encounter microbes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate recognition of microbial patterns to eliminate pathogens. By contrast, we demonstrate that the prominent gut commensal Bacteroides fragilis activates the TLR pathway to establish host-microbial symbiosis. TLR2 on CD4(+) T cells is required for B. fragilis colonization of a unique mucosal niche in mice during homeostasis. A symbiosis factor (PSA, polysaccharide A) of B. fragilis signals through TLR2 directly on Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells to promote immunologic tolerance. B. fragilis lacking PSA is unable to restrain T helper 17 cell responses and is defective in niche-specific mucosal colonization. Therefore, commensal bacteria exploit the TLR pathway to actively suppress immunity. We propose that the immune system can discriminate between pathogens and the microbiota through recognition of symbiotic bacterial molecules in a process that engenders commensal colonization.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Colon immunology
Colon microbiology
Germ-Free Life
Homeostasis
Humans
Immunity, Mucosal
Interleukin-10 metabolism
Metagenome
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Models, Biological
Polysaccharides, Bacterial immunology
Signal Transduction
Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
Symbiosis
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory immunology
Th17 Cells immunology
Toll-Like Receptor 2 immunology
Bacteroides fragilis growth & development
Bacteroides fragilis immunology
Immune Tolerance
Intestinal Mucosa immunology
Intestinal Mucosa microbiology
Polysaccharides, Bacterial metabolism
Toll-Like Receptor 2 metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1095-9203
- Volume :
- 332
- Issue :
- 6032
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Science (New York, N.Y.)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 21512004
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1206095