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Controversies of cardiac glands in the proximal stomach: a critical review.
- Source :
-
Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology [J Gastroenterol Hepatol] 2011 Mar; Vol. 26 (3), pp. 450-5. - Publication Year :
- 2011
-
Abstract
- Cardiac glands (CG), along with oxyntocardiac glands, in a normal human constitute cardiac mucosa (CM) that is positioned in the proximal stomach with a length of 10-30 mm, according to traditional teaching. This doctrine has been recently challenged. On the basis of studies on autopsy and biopsy materials in the esophagogastric junction region, some investigators have reported the presence of CG in only 50% of the general US population. They believed that CG were an acquired, metaplastic lesion as a result of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Subsequent recent study results from other research groups showed the presence of CG in the proximal stomach in embryos, fetuses, pediatric, and adult patients in most Europeans and Americans, and almost all Japanese and Chinese patients. These new data showed the following important findings: (i) CG are confirmed to be congenital in the proximal stomach; (ii) the length of CM is much shorter, approximately 5 mm in Caucasians in Europe and North America, and approximately 13 mm in Japanese and probably also in Chinese; (iii) CG are also present in the distal superficial esophagus underneath squamous mucosa in almost all Japanese and Chinese patients, but not so common in Caucasians in Europe, and not clear in Caucasians in North America. The recent data indicate a clear difference in the distribution of CG in the proximal stomach among different ethnic populations, and might explain different disease pathogenesis mechanisms among various ethnic patient groups.<br /> (© 2011 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.)
- Subjects :
- Age Factors
Asia
Autopsy
Biopsy
Disease Susceptibility
Esophageal Neoplasms ethnology
Esophageal Neoplasms pathology
Esophagogastric Junction embryology
Esophagogastric Junction pathology
Esophagus embryology
Esophagus pathology
Europe
Gastric Mucosa embryology
Gastric Mucosa pathology
Humans
Metaplasia
North America
Racial Groups
Stomach embryology
Stomach pathology
Stomach Neoplasms ethnology
Stomach Neoplasms pathology
Aging
Esophagogastric Junction anatomy & histology
Esophagus anatomy & histology
Gastric Mucosa anatomy & histology
Stomach anatomy & histology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1440-1746
- Volume :
- 26
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 21332541
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06486.x