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HvFT1 (VrnH3) drives latitudinal adaptation in Spanish barleys.
- Source :
-
TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik [Theor Appl Genet] 2011 May; Vol. 122 (7), pp. 1293-304. Date of Electronic Publication: 2011 Jan 30. - Publication Year :
- 2011
-
Abstract
- In barley, three genes are responsible for the vernalization requirement: VrnH1, VrnH2 and VrnH3. The winter growth habit of barley requires the presence of a recessive VrnH1 allele, together with an active VrnH2 allele. The candidate for VrnH3 (HvFT1) has been recently identified, with evidences pointing at a central role in the integration of the vernalization and photoperiod pathways. Functional polymorphisms have been proposed, but experimental evidence of their role on agronomic performance and adaptation is needed. We examined allelic variation at the promoter and intron 1 of the HvFT1 gene in a landrace collection of barley, finding a high diversity level, with its geographic distribution correlated with latitude. Focusing on genotypes with winter alleles in VrnH1 and VrnH2, an association analysis of the four main HvFT1 haplotypes found in the landrace collection detected differences in time to flowering. Landraces with the intron 1 TC allele, prevalent in the south, flowered 6-7 days earlier than those with the AG allele, under natural conditions. These results were validated in an independent F(2) population. In both data sets, the effect found was similar, but in opposite direction to that described in literature. The polymorphism reported at intron 1 contributes to variation in flowering time under field conditions. We have found that polymorphisms at the promoter also contribute to the effect of the gene on flowering time under field and controlled conditions. The variety of HvFT1 alleles described constitutes an allelic series that may have been a factor in agro-ecological adaptation of barley.
- Subjects :
- Alleles
Base Sequence
Chromosome Mapping
DNA, Plant genetics
Flowers genetics
Flowers metabolism
Genes, Plant
Genotype
Haplotypes
Hordeum metabolism
Introns
Molecular Sequence Data
Phenotype
Photoperiod
Plant Proteins genetics
Polymorphism, Genetic
Quantitative Trait Loci
Adaptation, Physiological
Flowers growth & development
Hordeum genetics
Hordeum growth & development
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1432-2242
- Volume :
- 122
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 21279626
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-011-1531-x