[Dry eye syndrome and neurotrophic keratitis in childhood. Causes and therapy].

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to enhance the physician's awareness of dry eye syndrome and neurotrophic keratitis in children, to describe the most frequently associated conditions and to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic options available.
Methods: A literature review of the pathogenesis of dry eye syndrome and neurotrophic keratitis in children was carried out, clinical cases from our pediatric ophthalmology office are presented as well as therapeutic strategies.
Results: Diseases of the cornea and ocular surface such as dry eye syndrome, neurotrophic keratitis and corneal ulcers are infrequent in children compared to adults. However, they do occur and should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible in order to prevent long-term complications and amblyopia.
Conclusions: Inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface can be easily overlooked in children due to the often unknown spectrum of differential diagnoses and the frequently reduced cooperation during examination of young children. Correct and early diagnosis is essential for prevention of long-term complications, e.g. corneal ulceration and scarring.