[Spontaneous chylous pericardial effusion: report of two cases].

Most cases of chylopericardium in childhood are secondary to thoracic surgery, especially after cardiac surgery. However, it can also be present in children without this history, as we show in this report. First, a nine year-old boy in whom chylopericardium was the first manifestation of a lymphangiomatosis, and the second one, a fifteen months old girl with a history of Down's syndrome and autoimmune enteropathy, which was classified as primary congenital chylopericardium. Also, a review of literature over the last 13 years is made, and management of this rare entity is discussed.
(2009 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)