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A small-molecule glucokinase activator lowers blood glucose in the sulfonylurea-desensitized rat.
- Source :
-
European journal of pharmacology [Eur J Pharmacol] 2010 Aug 25; Vol. 640 (1-3), pp. 250-6. Date of Electronic Publication: 2010 May 11. - Publication Year :
- 2010
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Abstract
- Glucokinase activators increase insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells and hepatic glucose utilization by modifying the activity of glucokinase, a key enzyme in glucose-sensing and glycemic regulation. Sulfonylureas are antihyperglycemic agents that stimulate insulin secretion via a glucose-independent mechanism that is vulnerable to secondary failure through beta-cell desensitization. The present study determined whether glucokinase activator treatment retains its glucose-lowering efficacy in male, adult, non-diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats desensitized to sulfonylurea treatment and whether glucose-lowering during chronic glucokinase activator treatment is subject to secondary failure. Animals were given food containing either glimepiride (a sulfonylurea), Compound B (3-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethoxy]-5-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide, an experimental glucokinase activator), or no drug for up to 5 weeks. Food containing 0.04% of either drug produced acute (within 4-8 h) and significant (P<0.05) reductions in blood glucose to approximately 50% of control levels. Chronic treatment with either 0.01% or 0.04% glimepiride resulted in complete failure of glucose-lowering efficacy within 3 days whereas the efficacy of Compound B was sustained throughout the entire study. Glipizide, also a sulfonylurea, had no glucose-lowering effect when given by gavage (3mg/kg) to glimepiride-desensitized animals whereas Compound B retained full glucose-lowering efficacy in glimepiride-desensitized animals. Oral glucose tolerance was significantly impaired, compared with controls, in animals treated with glimepiride for two weeks but was enhanced to a small extent in animals treated with Compound B. Compound B also significantly increased pancreatic insulin content, compared with controls. These findings suggest that Compound B has sustained glucose-lowering effects in a rat model of sulfonylurea failure.<br /> (Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Drug Interactions
Enzyme Activation drug effects
Ethers chemistry
Ethers pharmacology
Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated chemistry
Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated pharmacology
Insulin metabolism
Male
Pancreas drug effects
Pancreas metabolism
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Time Factors
Blood Glucose metabolism
Glucokinase metabolism
Sulfonylurea Compounds pharmacology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-0712
- Volume :
- 640
- Issue :
- 1-3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- European journal of pharmacology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 20465996
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.04.054