Tracheocutaneous fistula following paediatric tracheostomy--a 14-year experience at Alder Hey Children's Hospital.

Objective: To assess the rate of tracheocutaneous fistula requiring surgical repair and the complications and outcomes following it in the ENT department of a tertiary referral university paediatric hospital.
Methods: A retrospective review of all children requiring airway support with a tracheostomy between 1995 and 2009 and subsequently requiring closure of tracheocutaneous fistula.
Results: One hundred and ninety-three children underwent 196 tracheostomies. Seventy-three children were successfully decannulated until now. Twenty-three children (11.9%) required subsequent surgical closure of their tracheocutaneous fistula. In all these children the age at tracheostomy was less than 1 year old, and the median age at decannulation was 4 years old, (range 2-9 yo). Surgical repair was undertaken 6-12 months after decannulation. There were 4 minor complications in the postoperative period (wound infection, haemorrhage and early recurrence) and no major complications. None of the patients have experienced any degree of significant airway stenosis and there was no need for a repeat tracheotomy in any of the tracheocutaneous fistula closure patients. The cosmetic results were deemed to be good.
Conclusions: Our rate of tracheocutaneous fistula compares well with the reported rates in the literature (13-43%). There appears to be a significant relation to age at tracheostomy and duration of tracheostomy.
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