Evaluation of peripheral pulmonary arteries at 80 kV and at 140 kV: dual-energy computed tomography assessment in 51 patients.

Purpose: To compare peripheral pulmonary artery image quality at 80 kVp and 140 kVp in the same patients.
Materials and Methods: Image quality of third-, fourth- and fifth-order arteries was assessed at 80 kV and 140 kV on 1-mm-thick transverse scans, generated from dual-source computed tomography (CT) acquisitions.
Results: The mean level of enhancement was significantly higher at 80 kV compared with 140 kV for the third-, fourth-, and fifth-order arteries (P < 0.0001). Despite a higher noise level at 80 kV (P < 0.0001), the signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were significantly higher at 80 kV than at 140 kV at the level of third-, fourth-, and fifth-order arteries (P < 0.0001). The mean vascular attenuation, mean signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio for peripheral arteries were significantly superior at 80 kV in the 3 body mass index categories (P < 0.005).
Conclusions: Eighty-kilovolt protocols significantly improve the image quality of peripheral pulmonary arteries on CT angiograms of the chest.