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Strict blood-pressure control and progression of renal failure in children.
- Source :
-
The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2009 Oct 22; Vol. 361 (17), pp. 1639-50. - Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- Background: Although inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system delays the progression of renal failure in adults with chronic kidney disease, the blood-pressure target for optimal renal protection is controversial. We assessed the long-term renoprotective effect of intensified blood-pressure control among children who were receiving a fixed high dose of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.<br />Methods: After a 6-month run-in period, 385 children, 3 to 18 years of age, with chronic kidney disease (glomerular filtration rate of 15 to 80 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area) received ramipril at a dose of 6 mg per square meter of body-surface area per day. Patients were randomly assigned to intensified blood-pressure control (with a target 24-hour mean arterial pressure below the 50th percentile) or conventional blood-pressure control (mean arterial pressure in the 50th to 95th percentile), achieved by the addition of antihypertensive therapy that does not target the renin-angiotensin system; patients were followed for 5 years. The primary end point was the time to a decline of 50% in the glomerular filtration rate or progression to end-stage renal disease. Secondary end points included changes in blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary protein excretion.<br />Results: A total of 29.9% of the patients in the group that received intensified blood-pressure control reached the primary end point, as assessed by means of a Kaplan-Meier analysis, as compared with 41.7% in the group that received conventional blood-pressure control (hazard ratio, 0.65; confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.94; P=0.02). The two groups did not differ significantly with respect to the type or incidence of adverse events or the cumulative rates of withdrawal from the study (28.0% vs. 26.5%). Proteinuria gradually rebounded during ongoing ACE inhibition after an initial 50% decrease, despite persistently good blood-pressure control. Achievement of blood-pressure targets and a decrease in proteinuria were significant independent predictors of delayed progression of renal disease.<br />Conclusions: Intensified blood-pressure control, with target 24-hour blood-pressure levels in the low range of normal, confers a substantial benefit with respect to renal function among children with chronic kidney disease. Reappearance of proteinuria after initial successful pharmacologic blood-pressure control is common among children who are receiving long-term ACE inhibition. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00221845.)<br /> (2009 Massachusetts Medical Society)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors adverse effects
Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use
Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Child
Child, Preschool
Creatinine urine
Disease Progression
Drug Therapy, Combination
Female
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Humans
Hypertension etiology
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Kidney Failure, Chronic prevention & control
Male
Proteinuria etiology
Ramipril adverse effects
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic complications
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic physiopathology
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors administration & dosage
Hypertension drug therapy
Ramipril administration & dosage
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic drug therapy
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1533-4406
- Volume :
- 361
- Issue :
- 17
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The New England journal of medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 19846849
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0902066