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The combined unhealthy behaviors of breakfast skipping and smoking are associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus.
- Source :
-
The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine [Tohoku J Exp Med] 2009 Aug; Vol. 218 (4), pp. 259-64. - Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- Skipping breakfast has been considered a representative unhealthy behavior, but there is little information about the combined effects of breakfast skipping and other unhealthy health habits, especially smoking. First this cross-sectional study investigated unhealthy behaviors among breakfast skippers, and then examined the impact of the combined association of skipping breakfast and smoking on health. A total of 1,200 adults living in one Japanese community were sent questionnaires to elicit data on age, gender, breakfast-eating frequency, and other lifestyle habits. A total 603 of people returned their questionnaires (response rate: 50.3%), and 493 (230 men and 263 women) questionnaires were considered appropriate for analysis. Smoking rate in men (mean age, 53.7 years) and women (mean age, 50.4 years) was 41.3%, and 9.5%, respectively. Skipping breakfast was more prevalent in people under age 50 years (p < 0.001), and was related to other unhealthy behaviors. Binary logistic regression identified current smoking as the most significant factor related to breakfast skipping (3.10, 95%CI 1.50-6.39). Other factors included, age younger than 50 years (3.04, 95%CI 1.31-7.06) and poor sleeping quality (2.06, 95%CI 1.00-4.25). After examining the combined impact of skipping breakfast and smoking, the highest odds ratio for a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was found among those who smoked and skipped breakfast (4.68, 95% CI: 1.46-15.05). Moreover, skipping breakfast among non-smokers showed a high association with perceived stress (2.83, 95% CI: 1.05-7.61). In conclusion, the combined unhealthy behaviors of skipping breakfast and smoking are associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1349-3329
- Volume :
- 218
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 19638728
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.218.259