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Structural and molecular mechanism for autoprocessing of MARTX toxin of Vibrio cholerae at multiple sites.
- Source :
-
The Journal of biological chemistry [J Biol Chem] 2009 Sep 25; Vol. 284 (39), pp. 26557-68. Date of Electronic Publication: 2009 Jul 20. - Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- The multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin of Vibrio cholerae causes destruction of the actin cytoskeleton by covalent cross-linking of actin and inactivation of Rho GTPases. The effector domains responsible for these activities are here shown to be independent proteins released from the large toxin by autoproteolysis catalyzed by an embedded cysteine protease domain (CPD). The CPD is activated upon binding inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP(6)). In this study, we demonstrated that InsP(6) is not simply an allosteric cofactor, but rather binding of InsP(6) stabilized the CPD structure, facilitating formation of the enzyme-substrate complex. The 1.95-A crystal structure of this InsP(6)-bound unprocessed form of CPD was determined and revealed the scissile bond Leu(3428)-Ala(3429) captured in the catalytic site. Upon processing at this site, CPD was converted to a form with 500-fold reduced affinity for InsP(6), but was reactivated for high affinity binding of InsP(6) by cooperative binding of both a new substrate and InsP(6). Reactivation of CPD allowed cleavage of the MARTX toxin at other sites, specifically at leucine residues between the effector domains. Processed CPD also cleaved other proteins in trans, including the leucine-rich protein YopM, demonstrating that it is a promiscuous leucine-specific protease.
- Subjects :
- Alanine chemistry
Alanine genetics
Alanine metabolism
Amino Acid Sequence
Arginine chemistry
Arginine genetics
Arginine metabolism
Binding Sites genetics
Catalytic Domain
Cholera Toxin chemistry
Cholera Toxin genetics
Crystallization
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Leucine chemistry
Leucine genetics
Leucine metabolism
Lysine chemistry
Lysine genetics
Lysine metabolism
Models, Molecular
Molecular Sequence Data
Mutation
Phytic Acid chemistry
Protein Binding
Protein Folding
Static Electricity
Thermodynamics
Trypsin metabolism
Vibrio cholerae genetics
Cholera Toxin metabolism
Phytic Acid metabolism
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Vibrio cholerae metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1083-351X
- Volume :
- 284
- Issue :
- 39
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Journal of biological chemistry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 19620709
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.025510