DNA replication initiation.

DNA replication is fundamental to cellular life on earth, and replication initiation provides the primary point of control over this process. Replication initiation in all organisms involves the interaction of initiator proteins with one or more origins of replication in the DNA, with subsequent regulated assembly of two replisome complexes at each origin, melting of the DNA, and primed initiation of DNA synthesis on leading and lagging strands. Archaea and Eukarya share homologous systems for DNA replication initiation, but differ in the complexity of these; Bacteria appear to have analogous, rather than homologous, mechanisms for replication initiation. This chapter provides an overview of current knowledge of initiation of chromosomal DNA replication in the three domains of life.