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Sweetness and bitterness taste of meals per se does not mediate gastric emptying in humans.
- Source :
-
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology [Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol] 2009 Sep; Vol. 297 (3), pp. R632-9. Date of Electronic Publication: 2009 Jun 17. - Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- In cell line and animal models, sweet and bitter tastants induce secretion of signaling peptides (e.g., glucagon-like peptide-1 and cholecystokinin) and slow gastric emptying (GE). Whether human GE and appetite responses are regulated by the sweetness or bitterness per se of ingested food is, however, unknown. We aimed to determine whether intragastric infusion of "equisweet" (Study A) or "equibitter" (Study B) solutions slow GE to the same extent, and whether a glucose solution made sweeter by the addition of saccharin will slow GE more potently than glucose alone. Healthy nonobese subjects were studied in a single-blind, randomized fashion. Subjects received 500-ml intragastric infusions of predetermined equisweet solutions of glucose (560 mosmol/kgH(2)O), fructose (290 mosmol/kgH(2)O), aspartame (200 mg), and saccharin (50 mg); twice as sweet glucose + saccharin, water (volumetric control) (Study A); or equibitter solutions of quinine (0.198 mM), naringin (1 mM), or water (Study B). GE was evaluated using a [(13)C]acetate breath test, and hunger and fullness were scored using visual analog scales. In Study A, equisweet solutions did not empty similarly. Fructose, aspartame, and saccharin did not slow GE compared with water, but glucose did (P < 0.05). There was no additional effect of the sweeter glucose + saccharin solution (P > 0.05, compared with glucose alone). In Study B, neither bitter tastant slowed GE compared with water. None of the solutions modulated perceptions of hunger or fullness. We conclude that, in humans, the presence of sweetness and bitterness taste per se in ingested solutions does not appear to signal to influence GE or appetite perceptions.
- Subjects :
- Acetates metabolism
Adult
Aspartame administration & dosage
Breath Tests
Carbon Isotopes
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Female
Flavanones administration & dosage
Fructose administration & dosage
Glucose administration & dosage
Humans
Hunger
Intubation, Gastrointestinal
Male
Middle Aged
Perception
Quinine administration & dosage
Saccharin administration & dosage
Satiation
Single-Blind Method
Sweetening Agents administration & dosage
Time Factors
Young Adult
Appetite Regulation drug effects
Eating
Gastric Emptying drug effects
Taste drug effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1522-1490
- Volume :
- 297
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 19535679
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00090.2009