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Identification of a novel system for boron transport: Atr1 is a main boron exporter in yeast.
- Source :
-
Molecular and cellular biology [Mol Cell Biol] 2009 Jul; Vol. 29 (13), pp. 3665-74. Date of Electronic Publication: 2009 May 04. - Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- Boron is a micronutrient in plants and animals, but its specific roles in cellular processes are not known. To understand boron transport and functions, we screened a yeast genomic DNA library for genes that confer resistance to the element in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thirty boron-resistant transformants were isolated, and they all contained the ATR1 (YML116w) gene. Atr1 is a multidrug resistance transport protein belonging to the major facilitator superfamily. C-terminal green fluorescent protein-tagged Atr1 localized to the cell membrane and vacuole, and ATR1 gene expression was upregulated by boron and several stress conditions. We found that atr1Delta mutants were highly sensitive to boron treatment, whereas cells overexpressing ATR1 were boron resistant. In addition, atr1Delta cells accumulated boron, whereas ATR1-overexpressing cells had low intracellular levels of the element. Furthermore, atr1Delta cells showed stronger boron-dependent phenotypes than mutants deficient in genes previously reported to be implicated in boron metabolism. ATR1 is widely distributed in bacteria, archaea, and lower eukaryotes. Our data suggest that Atr1 functions as a boron efflux pump and is required for boron tolerance.
- Subjects :
- Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Biological Transport physiology
Boric Acids metabolism
Gene Expression Profiling
Insecticides metabolism
Membrane Transport Proteins classification
Membrane Transport Proteins genetics
Molecular Sequence Data
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Phylogeny
Protein Isoforms genetics
Protein Isoforms metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins classification
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins genetics
Sequence Alignment
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Stress, Physiological
Boron metabolism
Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1098-5549
- Volume :
- 29
- Issue :
- 13
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Molecular and cellular biology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 19414602
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.01646-08