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Anti-inflammatory effect of palmitoylethanolamide on human adipocytes.
- Source :
-
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) [Obesity (Silver Spring)] 2009 Mar; Vol. 17 (3), pp. 431-8. Date of Electronic Publication: 2009 Jan 08. - Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- Obesity leads to the appearance of an inflammatory process, which can be initiated even with a moderate weight gain. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous lipid, secreted by human adipocytes, that possesses numerous anti-inflammatory properties. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of PEA on human adipocytes, as well as in a murine model. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human subcutaneous adipocytes in primary culture and CF-1 mice was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of PEA on adipocyte TNF-alpha secretion were explored as well as some suspected PEA anti-inflammatory pathways: nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) gene expression, and TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) activity. The effects of PEA on the TNF-alpha serum concentration in intraperitoneally LPS-treated mice were also studied. We demonstrate that the LPS induced secretion of TNF-alpha by human adipocytes is inhibited by PEA. This action is neither linked to a reduction in TNF-alpha gene transcription nor to the inhibition of TACE activity. Moreover, PPAR-alpha is not implicated in this anti-inflammatory activity. Lastly, PEA exhibits a wide-reaching anti-inflammatory action as the molecule is able to completely inhibit the strong increase in TNF-alpha levels in the serum of mice treated with high doses of LPS. In view of its virtual lack of toxicity, PEA might become a potentially interesting candidate molecule in the prevention of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
- Subjects :
- ADAM Proteins metabolism
ADAM17 Protein
Adult
Amides
Animals
Cells, Cultured
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Endocannabinoids
Ethanolamines
Female
Humans
Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred Strains
Middle Aged
Models, Animal
NF-kappa B metabolism
PPAR alpha metabolism
Adipocytes drug effects
Adipocytes metabolism
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal pharmacology
Palmitic Acids pharmacology
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1930-7381
- Volume :
- 17
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 19131941
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.591