Public-private mix for control of tuberculosis and TB-HIV in Nairobi, Kenya: outcomes, opportunities and obstacles.

Setting: Nairobi, the capital of Kenya.
Objective: To promote standardised tuberculosis (TB) care by private health providers and links with the public sector.
Design and Methods: A description of the results of interventions aimed at engaging private health providers in TB care and control in Nairobi. Participating providers are supported to provide TB care that conforms to national guidelines. The standard surveillance tools are used for programme monitoring and evaluation.
Results: By the end of 2006, 26 of 46 (57%) private hospitals and nursing homes were engaged. TB cases reported by private providers increased from 469 in 2002 to 1740 in 2006. The treatment success rate for smear-positive pulmonary TB treated by private providers ranged from 76% to 85% between 2002 and 2005. Of the 1740 TB patients notified by the private sector in 2006, 732 (42%) were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), of whom 372 (51%) were positive. Of the 372 HIV-positive TB patients, 227 (61%) were provided with cotrimoxazole preventive treatment (CPT) and 136 (37%) with antiretroviral treatment (ART).
Conclusion: Private providers can be engaged to provide TB-HIV care conforming to national norms. The challenges include providing diagnostics, CPT and ART and the capacity to train and supervise these providers.