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Occurrence and mass flows of fluorochemicals in the Glatt Valley watershed, Switzerland.

Authors :
Huset CA
Chiaia AC
Barofsky DF
Jonkers N
Kohler HP
Ort C
Giger DW
Field JA
Source :
Environmental science & technology [Environ Sci Technol] 2008 Sep 01; Vol. 42 (17), pp. 6369-77.
Publication Year :
2008

Abstract

Fluorochemicals are persistent contaminants that are globally distributed in air, water, sediments, and biota. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play an important role in mitigating pollutant releases from municipalities to aquatic and terrestrial environments. However, because WWTPs are point sources of fluorochemicals, it is important to understand their contribution to fluorochemical burdens in the greater context of watersheds. To this end, over a 1 week period, the mass flows of 11 fluorochemicals from seven WWTPs that discharge effluent into the Glatt River in Switzerland were measured and compared to the measured mass flows within the Glatt River. Overall, the fluorochemicals were not removed efficiently during wastewater treatment. Effluents from WWTPs and Glatt River water were dominated by perfluorooctane sulfonate, which was detected in all samples, followed by perfluorohexane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate. The mass flows of fluorochemicals emanating from WWTPs were found to be conserved within the 35 km Glatt River, which indicates that input from the WWTPs is additive and that removal within the Glatt River is not significant. Per capita discharges of fluorochemicals were calculated from the populations served by the WWTPs studied; the values determined also account for the fluorochemical content of Lake Greifen (Greifensee), which is a lake at the headwaters of the Glatt River that also receives treated wastewater.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
0013-936X
Volume :
42
Issue :
17
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Environmental science & technology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
18800503
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1021/es703062f