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Physiological and transcriptional responses of Nitrosomonas europaea to toluene and benzene inhibition.
- Source :
-
Environmental science & technology [Environ Sci Technol] 2008 Jun 01; Vol. 42 (11), pp. 4093-8. - Publication Year :
- 2008
-
Abstract
- Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are inhibited by many compounds found in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent, including aromatic hydrocarbons. The detection of "sentinel genes" to identify the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons could be useful to WWTP operators. In this study, the transcriptomic responses of Nitrosomonas europaea during the cometabolism of benzene to phenol and toluene to benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde were evaluated using whole genome Affymetrix microarrays and qRT-PCR. Benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde were found not to inhibit N. europaea. However, phenol concentrations as low as 5 microM directly inhibited ammonia oxidation. Surprisingly, there were no significant up- or down-regulation of genes in N. europaea cells exposed to 20 microM toluene, which caused 50% inhibition of ammonia oxidation. Exposing N. europaea to 40 microM benzene, which caused a similar degree of inhibition, resulted in the up-regulation of seven adjacent genes, including NE 1545 (a putative pirin protein) and NE 1546 (a putative membrane protein), that appear to be involved with fatty-acid metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, and membrane protein synthesis. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that NE 1545 and NE 1546 were significantly up-regulated upon exposure to benzene and phenol, but not upon exposure to toluene. Transmission electron microscope images revealed a shift in outer cell structure in response to benzene exposure.
- Subjects :
- Cell Membrane ultrastructure
Gene Expression Profiling
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Nitrites metabolism
Nitrosomonas europaea genetics
Nitrosomonas europaea metabolism
Nitrosomonas europaea ultrastructure
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Transcription, Genetic drug effects
Benzene toxicity
Cell Membrane drug effects
Genome, Bacterial genetics
Nitrosomonas europaea drug effects
Toluene toxicity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0013-936X
- Volume :
- 42
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Environmental science & technology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 18589971
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1021/es702623s