[Fine-needle aspiration and puncture biopsies in the diagnosis of lesions of kidney transplants].

270 fine needle aspiration and 41 puncture biopsies were fulfilled after 92 cadaveric renal transplantations to diagnose the status of the grafts. With the clinical and ultrasonographic data, the first method proved to be effective in diagnosing acute graft rejection in 79.9% of cases and in determining the status of graft reversibility or irreversibility, but the fine needle aspiration biopsy failed to differentiate the cellular or vascular types of the rejection. The method was also effective in diagnosing the tubular necrosis, acute cyclosporin nephrotoxicity, infectious transplant complications. The paracentetic biopsy essentially supplements the fine needle one and allows one to diagnose chronic cyclosporin nephrotoxicity and chronic transplant rejection. It appears to be the only method revealing the magnitude of graft rejection during oligoanuria caused by ischemic graft lesion. It was concluded that the results of fine needle aspiration biopsy were the most informative within the first postoperative month because later on it becomes difficult to obtain biopsy specimens adequate to interpret the results correctly.