Efficacy of low-dose intermittent interferon-alpha monotherapy in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b who were predicted or failed to respond to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy.

The efficacy of interferon (IFN) monotherapy for non-responders to pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy is still unclear. To evaluate the impact of IFN monotherapy on biochemical response, 200 consecutive patients infected with HCV genotype 1b, who received low-dose intermittent IFN-alpha monotherapy, were investigated. A median IFN dose per day of 3 million units was administered during a median period of 74 weeks. As a whole, the ALT normalization rates were 50.5, 65.9, 58.4, and 61.7% at 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks, respectively. In 40 patients, who had abnormal AFP levels at the start of treatment, 52.5% achieved normalization of AFP within 48 weeks. Multivariate analysis identified indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min as the parameter that influenced significantly and independently ALT normalization. ALT normalization rates of patients who were predicted to be poor responders to PEG-IFN plus RBV combination therapy (but not substitutions of amino acid 70 and/or 91 in the HCV core region, female sex, and lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were similar to others. Furthermore, the ALT normalization rates in non-responders to combination therapy were 29.2, 60.9, 60.0, and 40.0% at 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks, respectively. The results suggest that low-dose intermittent IFN monotherapy is an efficacious therapeutic regimen for patients unsuitable for PEG-IFN plus RBV, including non-responders, because it can lead to ALT normalization and thus a reduced risk of hepatocarcinogenesis.