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Impaired astrocytes and diffuse activation of microglia in the cerebral cortex in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected Macaques without simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis.
- Source :
-
Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology [J Neuropathol Exp Neurol] 2008 Jun; Vol. 67 (6), pp. 600-11. - Publication Year :
- 2008
-
Abstract
- Various types of neuronal damage have been reported in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia. We previously demonstrated that inflammation and cortical damage occur independently according to viral tropism in a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaque model of AIDS dementia. To elucidate the pathogenesis of cortical degeneration, we examined the frontal cortex of SIV-infected macaques and found apoptosis and decreased expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in astrocytes and diffuse activation of microglia in association with limited neuronal damage. Some activated microglia also expressed excitatory amino acid transporter 2 but not proinflammatory cytokines. No inflammatory changes were seen in the cortex or the white matter, and SIV-infected cells were not detected in or around cortical lesions either by immunohistochemistry or by the polymerase chain reaction detection of SIV genomes of extracted DNA from microdissected tissue samples. These results indicate that an astrocytic abnormality and a compensatory activation of microglia might provide a protective effect against neuronal degeneration in the frontal cortex of SIV-infected macaques without SIV encephalitis.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Apoptosis physiology
Astrocytes pathology
Cerebral Cortex immunology
Cerebral Cortex virology
Encephalitis pathology
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 biosynthesis
Female
Immunohistochemistry
In Situ Nick-End Labeling
Macaca
Male
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome immunology
Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome virology
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
Viral Load
Cerebral Cortex pathology
Microglia metabolism
Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome pathology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0022-3069
- Volume :
- 67
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 18520778
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181772ce0