Intermediate-term outcomes of hepatitis C-positive compared with hepatitis C-negative deceased-donor renal allograft recipients.

Background: Prior studies have yielded conflicting results concerning the impact of HCV on renal transplant outcomes.
Methods: We examined outcomes in comparable groups of predominantly African American hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive (n = 34) and HCV-negative (n = 111) kidney transplant patients receiving contemporary immunosuppression.
Results: There was no difference in patient survival or acute rejection, but new-onset diabetes (NODM) was increased and graft survival decreased in the HCV-positive group, with increased graft loss secondary to noncompliance and Type I MPGN. The incidence of NODM among patients undergoing early corticosteroid withdrawal was 11% in both groups, while among those on prednisone, it was 47% in HCV-positive versus 25% in HCV-negative recipients.
Conclusions: Deceased-donor HCV-positive renal allograft recipients have equivalent patient but decreased graft survival. Noncompliance and Type I MPGN play a role in producing this negative effect on graft outcome. Steroids may be required for HCV to exert its diabetogenicity in kidney transplant patients.