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Mild hypoxic preconditioning attenuates injury-induced NADPH-d/nNOS expression in brainstem motor neurons of adult rats.
- Source :
-
Journal of chemical neuroanatomy [J Chem Neuroanat] 2008 Jan; Vol. 35 (1), pp. 123-32. Date of Electronic Publication: 2007 Sep 05. - Publication Year :
- 2008
-
Abstract
- Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) might have detrimental effects on the hypoxia-related neuropathology. This study aimed to test if mild hypoxic preconditioning (MHPC) would attenuate the pathological changes in the brainstem motoneurons having a different functional component after peripheral nerve crush injury (PNCI). Prior to PNCI treatment, young adult rats were caged in the mild hypoxic altitude chamber with 79Torr of the partial oxygen concentration ( pO(2)) (i.e., 0.5atm at 5500m in height) for 4 weeks to adapt the environmental changes. After that, all the animals having successfully crushed both the hypoglossal and vagus nerves (left-side) were allowed to survive for 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 successive days in normoxic condition. Nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunohistochemistry revealed that MHPC reduces NADPH-d/nNOS expression in the hypoglossal nucleus (HN) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) at different time points after PNCI. The morphological findings were further ascertained by Western blot analysis of nNOS and nitrite assay for NO production. Both the morphological and quantitative results peaked at 7 days in HN, whereas for those in DMN were progressively increased up to 60 days following PNCI. The staining intensity of NADPH-d/nNOS(+) neurons, expression of nNOS protein, NO production levels as well as the neuronal loss in HN and DMN of MHPC rats following PNCI were attenuated, especially for those having a longer survival period over 14 days. The MHPC treatment might induce minute amounts of NO to alter the state of milieu of the experimental animals to protect against the PNCI.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Biomarkers analysis
Biomarkers metabolism
Brain Stem physiopathology
Histocytochemistry
Hypoglossal Nerve cytology
Hypoglossal Nerve enzymology
Hypoglossal Nerve physiopathology
Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases enzymology
Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases physiopathology
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain physiopathology
Immunohistochemistry
Male
Motor Neurons pathology
NADPH Dehydrogenase analysis
Nerve Degeneration enzymology
Nerve Degeneration physiopathology
Nerve Degeneration prevention & control
Nitric Oxide metabolism
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I analysis
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Peripheral Nerves enzymology
Peripheral Nerves physiopathology
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases enzymology
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases physiopathology
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Up-Regulation physiology
Vagus Nerve cytology
Vagus Nerve enzymology
Vagus Nerve physiopathology
Vagus Nerve Diseases enzymology
Vagus Nerve Diseases physiopathology
Brain Stem enzymology
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain enzymology
Ischemic Preconditioning
Motor Neurons enzymology
NADPH Dehydrogenase metabolism
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0891-0618
- Volume :
- 35
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of chemical neuroanatomy
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 17942275
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchemneu.2007.08.008