Heart failure and dialysis: new thoughts and trends.

Heart failure is a major public health problem and a leading cause of hospitalization in adults in the United States. Renal dysfunction is emerging as a critical feature of patients hospitalized with heart failure and as a strong predictor of increased mortality. Despite the challenges and unique problems of patients with heart failure who have end-stage renal disease, evidence-based data regarding optimal management of these patients are limited. Here, we explore recent advances in the understanding of cardiorenal interactions and future directions in management strategies for patients with congestive heart failure on dialysis.