Clinical and psychosocial significance of trauma history in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Research has suggested that many individuals with schizophrenia have been exposed to significant trauma, not only after but also prior to the onset of illness. This article reviews the literature suggesting that exposure to certain kinds of trauma, including childhood sexual abuse, may increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. It also presents data from across studies that suggest a history of trauma may affect the course and symptom presentation of the disorder, resulting in higher levels of psychosocial dysfunction and higher levels of anxiety and hallucinations. An individual example is presented, and implications for case conceptualization, assessment, and treatment are discussed.