Encephalitis in children: a clinical neuropsychology perspective.

Encephalitis is an inflammation of brain tissue that can result from a number of viruses and can be contracted at any age, with prevalence in children exceeding adult incidence. In order to illustrate specific cognitive, behavioural and service provision issues related to post-encephalitis rehabilitation of children, this paper examines the pattern of referrals to a specialist regional paediatric neuropsychology service in the United Kingdom. Three case vignettes are presented to demonstrate the wide range of presentations encountered in our service ranging from mild (10%) to moderate (65%) and severe (25%) impairment with 80% of referrals relating to behaviour and educational concerns. On average 13 new referrals are received annually resulting in a cumulative case-load due to the need for serial assessment. The implications for patient care are discussed.