[Liver transplantation].

Liver transplantation is a medico-surgical treatment for patients with acute and chronic liver failure. In France, in 2005, 1024 liver transplantations have been performed, while in the same year 1691 patients were on the waiting list. Because of severe organ shortage, different approaches have been used as potential means to increase the availability of liver grafts (living donor, split, marginal grafts, non heart beating donor). In France, in 2007, the system of allocation organ will change (using a system similar to the MELD score) to prioritize patients with the highest risk of death while waiting for liver transplant.