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Recent paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) deaths in Taiwan.
- Source :
-
Journal of analytical toxicology [J Anal Toxicol] 2007 Mar; Vol. 31 (2), pp. 109-13. - Publication Year :
- 2007
-
Abstract
- Paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) and paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) are methoxylated phenylethylamine derivatives that have been banned in Taiwan since December 2005. The case history and pathological and toxicological findings of eight recent PMMA fatalities were investigated. All specimens from these cases were initially identified by an AxSYM fluorescence polarization immunoassay screening test for amphetamines with a 300 ng/mL cutoff. Specimens screened positive were confirmed and quantitated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mean age of these PMMA-related fatalities was 18.9 +/- 4.4 years in the range of 14-25. Seven (87.5%) of these eight cases were men. The mean, standard deviation, and range of PMA found in the heart blood collected from these 8 cases were 0.213, 0.144, and 0.079-0.489 microg/mL, respectively. The corresponding data for PMMA were 4.312, 4.806, and 1.208-15.824 microg/mL, respectively. Other drugs, such as MDA, MDMA, ketamine, norketamine, hydroxymidazolam, methamphetamine, and pentobarbital, were also found in these cases.
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Amphetamines pharmacokinetics
Amphetamines poisoning
Cause of Death
Drug Therapy, Combination
Fatal Outcome
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Hallucinogens pharmacokinetics
Humans
Illicit Drugs pharmacokinetics
Male
Methamphetamine pharmacokinetics
Methamphetamine poisoning
Substance Abuse Detection methods
Taiwan epidemiology
Forensic Medicine methods
Hallucinogens poisoning
Illicit Drugs poisoning
Methamphetamine analogs & derivatives
Substance-Related Disorders mortality
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0146-4760
- Volume :
- 31
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of analytical toxicology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 17536747
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/31.2.109