Outcomes of HIV-infected children with tuberculosis who are started on antiretroviral therapy in Malawi.

Setting: Mzuzu Central Hospital, in the northern region of Malawi, which provides free antiretroviral therapy (ART) to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults and children, including those with tuberculosis (TB).
Objectives: To compare outcomes in HIV-infected children who have been started on ART because of 1) active TB, 2) a past history of TB in the last 2 years and 3) a non-TB diagnosis.
Design: Retrospective data collection using ART patient master cards and ART patient registers.
Results: Between July 2004 and September 2006, 439 (11%) children of a total 3908 patients were started on ART. There were 29 with active TB, 56 with a past history of TB in the last 2 years and 354 with a non-TB diagnosis. The three groups were similar in nutritional indices and CD4-lymphocyte percentages. The 6-month probability of survival was 0.86 in the active TB group, 0.94 in the past history of TB group and 0.89 in the non-TB group. 12-month survival probability for the same groups was 0.86, 0.86 and 0.88, respectively.
Conclusion: HIV-infected children with active and previous TB who are started on ART have good outcomes that are similar to those of children started on ART due to a non-TB diagnosis.