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Physiological regulation of the pancreatic {beta}-cell: functional insights for understanding and therapy of diabetes.
- Source :
-
Experimental physiology [Exp Physiol] 2007 May; Vol. 92 (3), pp. 481-96. Date of Electronic Publication: 2007 Feb 01. - Publication Year :
- 2007
-
Abstract
- Knowledge about the sites and actions of the numerous physiological and pharmacological factors affecting insulin secretion and pancreatic beta-cell function has been derived from the use of bioengineered insulin-producing cell lines. Application of an innovative electrofusion approach has generated novel glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cells for pharmaceutical and experimental research, including popular BRIN-BD11 beta-cells. This review gives an overview of the establishment and core characteristics of clonal electrofusion-derived BRIN-BD11 beta-cells. As discussed, BRIN-BD11 cells have facilitated studies aimed at dissecting important pathways by which nutrients and other bioactive molecules regulate the complex mechanisms regulating insulin secretion, and highlight the future potential of novel and diverse bioengineering approaches to provide a cell-based insulin-replacement therapy for diabetes. Clonal BRIN-BD11 beta-cells have been instrumental in: (a) characterization of K(ATP) channel-dependent and -independent actions of nutrients and established and emerging insulinotropic antidiabetic drugs, and the understanding of drug-induced beta-cell desensitization; (b) tracing novel metabolic and beta-cell secretory pathways, including use of state-of-the-art NMR approaches to provide new insights into the relationships between glucose and amino acid handling and insulin secretion; and (c) determination of the chronic detrimental actions of nutrients and the diabetic environment on pancreatic beta-cells, including the recent discovery that homocysteine, a risk factor for metabolic syndrome, may play a role in the progressive demise of insulin secretion and pancreatic beta-cell function in diabetes. Collectively, the studies discussed in this review highlight the importance of innovative experimental beta-cell physiology in the discovery and characterization of new and improved drugs and therapeutic strategies to help tackle the emerging diabetes epidemic.
- Subjects :
- Amino Acids metabolism
Cell Differentiation physiology
Cell Line
Embryonic Stem Cells cytology
Glucose metabolism
Homocysteine physiology
Humans
Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use
Insulin Secretion
Islets of Langerhans cytology
Potassium Channels physiology
Signal Transduction physiology
Diabetes Mellitus drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus physiopathology
Insulin metabolism
Insulin-Secreting Cells physiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0958-0670
- Volume :
- 92
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Experimental physiology
- Accession number :
- 17272356
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2006.034835