Molecular biology of choroidal neovascularization.

VEGF plays a pivotal role in the neovascularization of the choroid in AMD. Anti-VEGF agents have been developed to target VEGF itself or its receptor signal transduction pathway, and have shown promising results in clinical trials. The combination of anti-VEGF strategies with established treatment modalities may have additional efficacy. Safe and effective drug-delivery systems are also required for the successful anti-VEGF therapies for AMD and other ocular diseases with CNV.