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Economic evaluation of sewage treatment processes in India.

Authors :
Sato N
Okubo T
Onodera T
Agrawal LK
Ohashi A
Harada H
Source :
Journal of environmental management [J Environ Manage] 2007 Sep; Vol. 84 (4), pp. 447-60. Date of Electronic Publication: 2006 Aug 24.
Publication Year :
2007

Abstract

This paper evaluates the total annual cost including capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs for the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and waste stabilization pond (WSP) systems operated in India. It also compares UASB and WSP systems with the activated sludge process (ASP) and biological aerated filter (BAF) systems in terms of total annual cost and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal cost by assuming various annual interest rates and land prices. It was found that the relationship between capital and O&M costs per unit size of a UASB or WSP system and its treatment capacity can be established by a first-order equation. The relation between the cost of organic removal and capital or O&M cost for various sewage treatment systems at various annual interest rates revealed that, for the Indian context, UASB could be the most suitable option in terms of expenses and treatment efficiency.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
0301-4797
Volume :
84
Issue :
4
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Journal of environmental management
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
16934390
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.06.019