[Nephrocalcinosis due to renal tubular acidosis in two brothers].

A 25-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of left lumbago. An abdominal X-ray film demonstrated multiple calculi in the medullary positions of both kidneys and an impacted calculus in the left ureter. He was diagnosed with bilateral nephrocalcinosis and nerve deafness due to distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in childhood and was treated with alkali agents for several years. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was performed successfully against the left ureteral calculus. His older brother had also been diagnosed with RTA and nephrocalcinosis at the age of 2 years and 6 months. Nephrocalcinosis due to RTA associated with nerve deafness in brothers is rarely reported.