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Immune-enhancing diet and cytokine expression during chronic sepsis: an immune-enhancing diet containing L-arginine, fish oil, and RNA fragments promotes intestinal cytokine expression during chronic sepsis in rats.
- Source :
-
Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract [J Gastrointest Surg] 2006 Jan; Vol. 10 (1), pp. 46-53. - Publication Year :
- 2006
-
Abstract
- Chronic feeding with enteral immune-enhancing diets (IEDs) provides benefits based on composition of the diet, route of feeding, and timing of feeding in relation to timing of trauma or surgery. Our prior studies of acute feeding in naïve rats demonstrated that IED promotes blood flow and proinflammatory cytokines in the ileum. We hypothesized that chronic feeding with IED would shift gut immune status to an anti-inflammatory state during chronic sepsis, resulting in an altered state of cytokine expression in the gut. Five days prior to feeding, gauze was implanted subcutaneously in the backs of male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were fed for 3 days with either control diet (CD, Boost; Mead-Johnson, Evansville, IL) or IED (Impact; Novartis) and randomly assigned to one of four groups: saline control (NS) + control diet (CD), sepsis (EC) + CD, NS + IED, or EC + IED. EC rats were inoculated with 10(9) CFU Escherichia coli and 10(9) CFU Bacteroides fragilis in 2 ml normal saline into the back sponge while NS rats received 2 mL normal saline alone. After 3 days, animals were anesthetized and gut tissue samples were harvested and frozen at -80 degrees C. Tissue protein was extracted and ELISA was performed for interleukin (IL-1beta, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interferon (IFN)-gamma. In saline controls, IED feeding decreased IL-1beta, IL-5, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma and increased IL-10 compared with CD-fed animals. In septic animals, IED feeding increased IL-5 and IL-6, while decreasing IFN-gamma and IL-10 in the distal third of the small intestine compared with CD-fed septic rats, whereas IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels were unchanged. Chronic IED feeding produced a anti-inflammatory state via decreased IFN-gamma and increased IL-5 and IL-6, which both promote gut IgA class switching, suggesting that the gut is shifted toward humoral immunity during chronic IED feeding in septic rats.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Arginine immunology
Bacteroides Infections immunology
Bacteroides fragilis immunology
Chronic Disease
Dietary Fats immunology
Disease Models, Animal
Escherichia coli Infections immunology
Fish Oils immunology
Immunoglobulin A analysis
Immunoglobulin Class Switching immunology
Interferon-gamma analysis
Interleukin-1 analysis
Interleukin-10 analysis
Interleukin-5 analysis
Interleukin-6 analysis
Male
RNA immunology
Random Allocation
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Sepsis immunology
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha analysis
Arginine administration & dosage
Cytokines immunology
Dietary Fats administration & dosage
Fish Oils administration & dosage
Food, Formulated
Intestine, Small immunology
RNA administration & dosage
Sepsis diet therapy
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1091-255X
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 16368490
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gassur.2005.10.002